{"id":48973,"date":"2019-08-02T09:27:46","date_gmt":"2019-08-02T07:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/?post_type=red_de_zee&#038;p=48973"},"modified":"2019-08-02T09:29:59","modified_gmt":"2019-08-02T07:29:59","slug":"resistant-bacteria-in-rivers","status":"publish","type":"red_de_zee","link":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/resistant-bacteria-in-rivers\/","title":{"rendered":"The major rivers of the world contain high levels of antibiotics."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Resistant bacteria arise in large rivers due to the high levels of antibiotics present in the water.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48256\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48256\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48255\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica.jpg\" alt=\"Medications and antibiotics were found in 66% of the rivers studied in 72 countries.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-391x260.jpg 391w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-862x575.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-1170x780.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Medications and antibiotics found in 66% of the rivers studied in 72 countries.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Medications and antibiotics were found in 66% of the rivers studied in 72 countries.<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>35% of all rivers in Africa exceed the safe limits for antibiotics.<\/li>\n<li>23% of all rivers in Asia exceed the safe limits of antibiotics.<\/li>\n<li>18% of the rivers in South America exceed the safe limits of antibiotics.<\/li>\n<li>15% of all rivers in North America exceed the safe limits of antibiotics.<\/li>\n<li>7.5% of all rivers in Europe exceed the safe limits of antibiotics.<\/li>\n<li>6% of all rivers in Oceania exceed the safe limits of antibiotics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_48274\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48274\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems.jpg\" alt=\"A worldwide study confirms the suspicion that many rivers, such as the Thames, are overloaded with antibiotics.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-300x92.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-768x235.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-1024x313.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-100x31.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-862x264.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-1170x358.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48274\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worldwide study confirmed the suspicion that many rivers, such as the Thames, are overloaded with antibiotics.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A worldwide study confirms the suspicion that many rivers, such as the Thames, the Loire, the Danube and the Tigris, are overloaded with antibiotics.<br \/>\nRivers are the main source for bacteria to develop resistance against antibiotics.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Many of the genes that become resistant are found in environmental bacteria,&#8221; says Prof. W. Gaze, from the University of Exeter.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>According to the United Nations, resistant bacteria would cause <strong>an additional 10 million deaths<\/strong> by 2050.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-48973 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Antibiotics at hand.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-48280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs.jpg 449w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-100x122.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-48280'>\n\t\t\t\tThe formation of resistant bacteria in rivers is quite scary and depressing.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Different types of drugs find their way to the rivers where they cause bacteria to become resistant.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-48268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-2.jpg 824w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-2-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Drugs-2-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-48268'>\n\t\t\t\tDrugs, such as antibiotics, find their way to rivers via human\/animal waste.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h2>The formation of resistant bacteria in rivers is quite scary and depressing.<\/h2>\n<p>Drugs, such as antibiotics, find their way into rivers through human\/animal waste, through leaks from waste-water treatment plants and facilities for the production of medicines.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;It&#8217;s pretty scary and depressing,&#8221; said Alistair Boxall, an environmental scientist at the University of York, who led the research.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_48262\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48262\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48261\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau.jpg\" alt=\"Samples taken from the Danube in Austria contain seven types of antibiotics which makes bacteria resistant.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-1024x348.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-100x34.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-862x293.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Donau-1170x398.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samples taken from the Danube in Austria contain seven types of antibiotics.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Samples taken from the <strong>Danube<\/strong> in Austria contain seven types of antibiotics (4x the level considered as safe), including clarithromycin, which is used to treat respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.<\/p>\n<p>The Danube starts in the black forest, passes through Austria and flows into the Black Sea. The Danube is the second longest river in Europe.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48226\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48226\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2.jpg\" alt=\"The Thames, nowadays considered one of the cleanest rivers in Europe, together with some tributaries, was contaminated by a mixture of five different types of antibiotics.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-862x646.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Theems-2-1170x877.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48226\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Thames infected by a mixture of five different types of antibiotics.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Thames, nowadays considered one of the cleanest rivers in Europe, along with a few tributaries, was contaminated by a mixture of five different types of antibiotics.<br \/>\nOne location on the river and three on the tributaries were polluted above safe levels. Ciprofloxacin, which treats skin and urinary tract infections, peaked at more than three times the safe antibiotic levels.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-48973 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Antibiotics jars can also be found in rivers.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-48244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-862x575.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Potjes-voor-antibiotica-1170x780.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-48244'>\n\t\t\t\tEven rivers with low levels of antibiotics infection pose a threat.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Even the low concentrations of antibiotics in European rivers can stimulate the evolution of resistance and increase the chance for resistant genes to transfer to human pathogens\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-48238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-862x574.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/antibiotica-2-1170x779.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-48238'>\n\t\t\t\tAntibiotics and other drugs end up in our rivers and make bacteria resistant.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Even rivers infected with low levels of antibiotics pose a threat, Gaze said. <em>&#8220;Even the low concentrations of antibiotics in European rivers can stimulate the evolution of resistance and increase the likelihood that resistant genes will transfer to human pathogens,&#8221;<\/em> he says.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48250\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48249\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl.jpg\" alt=\"High concentrations of antibiotics are also found in the Nile.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-391x260.jpg 391w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-862x575.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Nijl-1170x780.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 111 of the locations, the concentrations of antibiotics exceeded safe levels, in the worst cases by more than 300 times the safe limit.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The researchers tested 711 locations in 72 countries and found antibiotics in rivers in 65% of the cases.<\/h2>\n<p>In 111 of the locations, the concentrations of antibiotics exceeded safe levels, in the worst cases by more than 300 times above the safe limit.<\/p>\n<p>In Bangladesh, metronidazole, used to treat vaginal infections, was found more than 300 times above the safe level.<br \/>\nThe residues were detected in the vicinity of a waste water treatment plant. Countries with a lower income often lack the technology to remove medication from water.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48220\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48220\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater.jpg\" alt=\"Inappropriate drainage of sewage water was observed at a location in Kenya, this resulted in high antibiotic concentration up to 100 times above the safe level.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-391x260.jpg 391w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-862x575.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rioolwater-1170x781.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48220\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inappropriate drainage of sewage water was observed at a location in Kenya, this resulted in high antibiotic concentration up to 100 times above the safe level.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Inappropriate drainage of sewage and waste directly into rivers was observed at a location in Kenya, resulting in a high antibiotic concentration up to 100 times above the safe level. The research team is now planning to assess the environmental impact of antibiotic pollution on wildlife, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. They expect serious consequences.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;The drug levels in some Kenyan rivers were so high that no fish could survive,&#8221;<\/em> Boxall said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":48232,"menu_order":13,"template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-48973","red_de_zee","type-red_de_zee","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","red_de_zee_categorieen-polluting-of-the-oceans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rivers contain high levels of antibiotics. - Amanprana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Resistant bacteria arise in rivers due to the high levels of antibiotics. 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This will cause an additional 10 million deaths.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/resistant-bacteria-in-rivers\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/resistant-bacteria-in-rivers\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/resistant-bacteria-in-rivers\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Resistente-bacteri\u00ebn-door-antibiotica-in-rivieren.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Resistente-bacteri\u00ebn-door-antibiotica-in-rivieren.jpg","width":1200,"height":899,"caption":"antibiotics in strip: The major rivers of the world contain high levels of antibiotics."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/resistant-bacteria-in-rivers\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Amanprana.eu","item":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"STS - articles","item":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/save-the-sea\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Polluting of the oceans","item":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/red_de_zee_categorieen\/polluting-of-the-oceans\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The major rivers of the world contain high levels of antibiotics."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/","name":"Amanprana","description":"Serene levenskracht","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/#organization","name":"Amanprana","url":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/webres-amanprana-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/webres-amanprana-logo.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"caption":"Amanprana"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Amanpranaproducts\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/amanprana\/","https:\/\/nl.pinterest.com\/amanprana\/pins\/"]}]}},"multi-rating":{"mr_rating_results":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/red_de_zee\/48973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/red_de_zee"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/red_de_zee"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/red_de_zee\/48973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}