{"id":43268,"date":"2019-01-03T17:12:59","date_gmt":"2019-01-03T16:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/red_de_zee\/lelevage-de-thon-une-grande-catastrophe\/"},"modified":"2019-01-03T17:12:59","modified_gmt":"2019-01-03T16:12:59","slug":"lelevage-de-thon-une-grande-catastrophe","status":"publish","type":"red_de_zee","link":"https:\/\/www.amanprana.eu\/fr\/sauvez-la-mer\/lelevage-de-thon-une-grande-catastrophe\/","title":{"rendered":"La chasse au thon"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Il fut un temps ou la chasse au thon \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s inefficace. Par le pass\u00e9, la chasse en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00e9tait ax\u00e9e sur les thons g\u00e9ants, comme ce fut le cas pour la Mattanza sicilienne. Mais cette \u00e9poque est r\u00e9volue depuis longtemps pour la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. Certains estiment que la r\u00e9serve de touche rouge a chut\u00e9 de 90 % par rapport \u00e0 1960. Le Japon se taille \u00e9videmment la part du lion pour ce qui est de la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’extinction de cette esp\u00e8ce de thon. Alors que les poissons de grande taille diminuent en nombre, un m\u00e9canisme de substitution se dessine. Les grands poissons disparaissent petit \u00e0 Petit du menu, pour \u00eatre remplac\u00e9s par des exemplaires plus petits. Bient\u00f4t, l’oc\u00e9an ne sera plus peupl\u00e9 que de plancton et de m\u00e9duses, d’apr\u00e8s le biologiste Daniel Pauly.<\/p>\n

Les bateaux de p\u00eache industrielle et les chalutiers sillonnent toute la r\u00e9gion \u00e0\u00a0 la recherche de thon de petite taille, assist\u00e9s de toute une flotte d’avions et d’h\u00e9licopt\u00e8res qui, malgr\u00e9 le nombre fortement d\u00e9croissant, parviennent encore \u00e0 trouver des bancs de (petit) thon.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9levage de thon constitue une activit\u00e9 rentable, ax\u00e9e sur le march\u00e9 japonais. Au lieu de p\u00eacher moins et de permettre \u00e0 la population de thon de se r\u00e9tablir, des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices rapides ont amen\u00e9 des bateaux de p\u00eache plus grands, des facilit\u00e9s de stockage accrues, voire de nouveaux a\u00e9roports permettant l’exportation du thon. Les gouvernements ont apport\u00e9 une contribution substantielle \u00e0 la stimulation de cette extension. En effet, les subsides de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne, d’un montant de 34 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains depuis 1997, associ\u00e9s aux grands investissements du Japon et de l’Australie, ont m\u00eame stimul\u00e9 des prises encore plus importantes. Ces pratiques ont r\u00e9sult\u00e9 en une augmentation de la prise de jeune thon, aggravant encore les probl\u00e8mes de gestion.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9norme quantit\u00e9 de poisson n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’alimentation du thon d’\u00e9levage est \u00e9galement probl\u00e9matique. Pour la production d’un kilo de thon, 20 kg de nourriture \u00e0 base de poisson sont n\u00e9cessaires. Chaque ann\u00e9e, on estime que 225 millions de kilos d’alimentation est jet\u00e9e dans la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, la plus grande partie provenant d’Afrique occidentale, de l’oc\u00e9an Atlantique et d’Am\u00e9rique. Un rapport r\u00e9cent a soulign\u00e9 le risque pour les esp\u00e8ces de poisson locales, de contracter des maladies contagieuses \u00e0 cause de la nourriture \u00e0 base de poisson, comme ce fut le cas auparavant au sein des entreprises d’engraissement de thon en Australie. La propagation de la maladie parmi d’importants stocks de poisson locaux, tels que les anchois ou les sardines, pourrait mener \u00e0 une catastrophe pour les p\u00eacheurs locaux. Il s’agit-l\u00e0 d’un risque inacceptable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":43257,"menu_order":71,"template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-43268","red_de_zee","type-red_de_zee","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","red_de_zee_categorieen-surpeche"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa chasse au thon - Amanprana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il fut un temps ou la chasse au thon \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s inefficace. 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